Nhân dịp sinh nhật lần thứ 100 của Hague Rules (còn gọi là công ước Brussels 1924) chúng tôi xin lấy vài ví dụ về mẫu Vận đơn của số hãng tàu lớn, trong đó có đề cập đến việc áp dụng Hague Rules (Brussels 1924) , Hague-Visby Rules 1968 (Nghị định thư Visby 1968) , Nghị định thư SDR 1979
Mẫu CONGENBILL 2022 của BIMCO
General Paramount Clause
The International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brussels on 25 August 1924 (“the Hague Rules”) as amended by the Protocol signed at Brussels on 23 February 1968 (“the Hague-Visby Rules”) and as enacted in the country of shipment shall apply to this Contract. When the Hague-Visby Rules are not enacted in the country of shipment, the corresponding legislation of the country of destination shall apply, irrespective of whether such legislation may only regulate outbound shipments.
When there is no enactment of the Hague-Visby Rules in either the country of shipment or in the country of destination, the Hague-Visby Rules shall apply to this Contract save where the Hague Rules as enacted in the country of shipment or if no such enactment is in place, the Hague Rules as enacted in the country of destination apply compulsorily to this Contract.
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Mẫu vận đơn của hãng tàu EVERGREEN
Rule 5 (B) Responsibility for Port to Port Shipments. Where loss or damage has occurred between the time of receipt of the Goods by the Carrier at the port of loading and the time of delivery by the Carrier at the port of discharge, or during any prior or subsequent period of carriage by Underlying Carriers or period of custody by Sub-Contractors, the liability of the Carrier shall be determined in accordance with the appropriate Hague Rules and /or other Legislation as provided in the provisions of Clause 5A above of this Bill.
Definition: Rule "Hague Rules" as used herein refers to the provisions of the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brussels on 25th August 1924 and includes any amendments thereto including the Hague Visby Amendments, 1968.
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Mẫu vận đơn của hãng tàu MCS (MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING COMPANY)
Rule 5 (b) This Bill of Lading shall be subject to the Hague Rules unless the governing law makes the Hague or the Hague-Visby Rules compulsorily applicable in which case the said Hague or Hague-Visby Rules will apply to this Bill of Lading only to the extent that they are compulsorily applicable.
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Mẫu vận đơn của hãng tàu OOCL (Orient Overseas Container Line Limited)
Rule 4 (A) Port to Port Transport
If carriage is Port to Port Transport, the responsibility (if any) of the Carrier for loss or damage to the Goods occurring from the time when the Goods are loaded on board the Vessel at the Port of Loading until the time when the Goods are discharged from the Vessel at the Port of Discharge shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Clause 4(C).
The Carrier shall be under no liability whatsoever for loss or damage to the Goods or non-delivery or misdelivery howsoever caused if such loss or damage, non-delivery or misdelivery arises prior to loading onto or subsequent to discharge from the Vessel. Notwithstanding the above, in case and to the extent that any applicable law provides for any additional period of responsibility the Carrier shall have the benefit of every right, defence, limitation and liberty of the Hague Rules during such additional compulsory period of responsibility notwithstanding that the loss or damage did not occur at sea.
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Mẫu vận đơn của hãng tàu ONE (Ocean Network Express)
Rule 3.2 (a) (Carrier's Responsibility) if the loss or damage is proved to have occurred during the Waterborne Carriage, by the Hague Rules, Articles 1-8 inclusive, but excluding Article 1(e),
Definition: "Waterborne Carriage" means carriage by sea or water, and includes the period during which the Goods are under the custody of the Carrier for the Carriage at the sea/water terminal of the Port of Loading or the Port of Discharge, whether or not on board the Vessel.
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Trích dẫn Nghị định thư SDR 1979 của Hague-Visby Rules 1968
Article II
(1) Article 4, paragraph 5(a) of the Convention is replaced by the following:
"(a) Unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading, neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become liable for any loss or damage to or in connection with the goods in an amount exceeding 666.67 units of account per package or unit or 2 units of account per kilogramme of gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is the higher."
(2) Article 4, paragraph 5(d) of the Convention is replaced by the following:
"(d) The unit of account mentioned in this Article is the Special Drawing Right as defined by the International Monetary Fund. The amounts mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph shall be converted into national currency on the basis of the value of that currency on a date to be determined by the law of the Court seized of the case.
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Trích dẫn Bộ luật hàng hải Việt nam 2015 (Luật số: 95/2015/QH13)
Điều 152. Giới hạn trách nhiệm của người vận chuyển
1. Trong trường hợp tính chất, giá trị của hàng hóa không được người giao hàng khai báo trước khi bốc hàng hoặc không được ghi rõ trong vận đơn, giấy gửi hàng đường biển hoặc chứng từ vận chuyển khác thì người vận chuyển chỉ có nghĩa vụ bồi thường mất mát, hư hỏng hàng hóa hoặc tổn thất khác liên quan đến hàng hóa trong giới hạn tối đa tương đương với 666,67 đơn vị tính toán cho mỗi kiện hoặc cho mỗi đơn vị hàng hóa hoặc 02 đơn vị tính toán cho mỗi kilôgam trọng lượng cả bì của số hàng hóa bị mất mát, hư hỏng tùy theo giá trị nào cao hơn.
Ghi chú: Đơn vị tính toán quy định trong Bộ luật này là đơn vị tiền tệ do Quỹ tiền tệ quốc tế xác định và được quy ước là Quyền rút vốn đặc biệt (SDR)
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Trích dẫn Luật Hàng Hải Trung Quốc 1992 (MARITIME CODE OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA - 1992)
Article 56 : The carrier's liability for the loss of or damage to the goods shall be limited to an amount equivalent to 666.67 Units of Account per package or other shipping unit, or 2 Units of Account per kilogramme of the gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is the higher, except where the nature and value of the goods had been declared by the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading, or where a higher amount than the amount of limitation of liability set out in this Article had been agreed upon between the carrier and the shipper.
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Như vây, với sự phát triển mạnh mẽ của ngành công nghiệp hàng hải trong 100 năm qua, đã xuất các điều ước quốc tế khác về Vận tải đơn như Hamburg 1978, Rotterdam2009, nhưng Hague Rules 1924 vẫn được nhiều chủ tàu áp dụng ưu tiên áp dụng và được pháp luật về Hàng hải của nhiều quốc gia tiếp nhận.
BBC Group – SMR Marine
Hải Phòng, 25/Aug/2024 – Capt. Cấn Sơn Dũng
